Minor benefits are exempt benefits. A minor benefit is a benefit which is both:

• less than $300 in value (before 1 April 2007 the amount was less than $100), and
• unreasonable to treat as a fringe benefit.

Less than $300 in value

A minor benefit is a benefit which has a ‘notional taxable value’ of less than $300. The notional taxable value of a minor benefit is, broadly, the amount that would be the taxable value if the benefit was a fringe benefit.

Where you provide an employee with separate benefits that are in connection with each other (for example, a meal, a night’s accommodation and taxi travel) you need to look at each individual benefit provided to the employee to see if the notional taxable value of each benefit is less than $300.

When determining if the notional taxable value of the benefit is less than $300, benefits provided to associates are not included.

If the notional taxable value of a benefit is less than $300, you then need to determine if it would be unreasonable to treat the benefit as a fringe benefit.

Special rules that apply to car benefits

There are different rules for car benefits. The notional taxable value of a car benefit is determined by applying the residual fringe benefit rules – that is, to determine whether a car benefit is less than $300, you may either:

• apportion the operating costs of the vehicle, or
• apply the cents per kilometre method.

Criteria for determining whether it would be unreasonable to treat the minor benefit as a fringe benefit

The following five criteria need to be considered when deciding if it would be unreasonable to treat the minor benefit as a fringe benefit:

If, after considering the five criteria, you conclude that it would be unreasonable to treat the benefit as a fringe benefit, the benefit will be an exempt benefit.

In determining if the minor benefit exemption applies, you need to examine the nature of the benefit provided and consider each of the various criteria – value, frequency and regularity of provision, and recording and valuation difficulties – before concluding whether the exemption should apply to a minor benefit.

Very broadly, a car parking fringe benefit may arise for each day on which you (the employer) provide a car parking space for the use of an employee.

Specifically, a car parking fringe benefit arises during a FBT year only if all of the following conditions are satisfied:

• a car is parked at premises that are owned or leased by, or otherwise under the control of, the provider (usually you as the employer)
• within a one-kilometre radius of the premises on which the car is parked, there is a commercial parking station that charges a fee for all-day parking , which is more than the car parking threshold
• the car is parked for a total of more than four hours between 7.00am and 7.00pm on the day
• the car is owned by, leased to, or otherwise under the control of, an employee, or is provided by you
• the parking is provided in respect of the employee’s employment
• the car is parked at or near the employee’s primary place of employment on that day
• the car is used by the employee to travel between home and work (or work and home) at least once on that day
• the commercial parking station referred to above must also, on the first business day of the FBT year, charge a representative fee for all-day parking that is more than the car parking threshold, $8.95 for the 2020 FBT year.

The one-kilometre distance is measured not by radius but by the shortest practicable direct route (by whatever means this route is travelled, for example, by foot, car or boat). The distance is not a straight line or “as the crow flies”, but a practicable route that can easily be accessible at all times.

Importantly the distance is not measured from the employers street address.

The distance begins at the entry point where the employer provides the car parking, and ends at the entry point to the commercial car parking station. Any route mapped, must have permanent access way and cannot be closed off after working hours or business hours.

Where an employer provides parking at multiple facilities at any one location, then it is necessary to measure from the entry point of each of those parking facilities.

It is important to remember that the measuring is generally most important on:

1. The first day of the FBT year, to determine if a FBT liability exists;
2. The first day of the FBT year, to determine the lowest daily rate, if using average cost method;
3. The last day of the FBT year, to determine the lowest daily rate, if using average cost method;

Records must be maintained to support the measurements and assessment of whether a FBT liability exists. If a FBT liability does exist, then records must be maintained to support the measurements and assessment of the lowest daily rate at beginning and end of the FBT year.

Motor vehicles often comprises a significant percentage of an organisations FBT liability, hence the desire to reduce the FBT liability. The FBT technical rules in relation to Motor vehicles are complex, and often practically difficult, when seeking to reduce the taxable value, whether by:

• One third reduction
• Employee contribution
• Claiming days unavailable
• Logbook records; or
• Claiming exemption

When reducing the taxable value (for any benefit category) the reduction must be fully supported and documented.

More recently the ATO have released concessional Practical Compliance Guidelines (PCG) in relation to Logbook and claiming exemption for Tool of Trade and Work related vehicles. These PCG’s themselves contain a level of complexity and strict requirements to avail the concession and associated reductions.

Motor vehicles remain a key focus area by the ATO through scrutiny of claiming Motor Vehicle expenses, double dipping on Novated Lease car expenses, GST & Depreciation on luxury cars, Logbooks, claiming Exemption, correct Valuation choice or correctly reporting Employee Contributions for FBT, GST and Income Tax purposes.

A fringe benefit is a ‘payment’ to an employee, but in a different form to salary or wages.

According to the FBT legislation, a fringe benefit is a benefit provided in respect of employment. This effectively means a benefit is provided to somebody because they are an employee. The employee may even be a former or future employee.

An employee is a person who is, was, or will be entitled, to receive salary or wages, or benefits in lieu of salary and wages. Benefits provided in respect of someone who has died are not fringe benefits as a deceased person does not meet the definition of ’employee’ in the FBT legislation.

The terms ‘benefit’ and ‘fringe benefit’ have broad meanings for FBT purposes. Benefits include rights, privileges or services.

As a guide to whether a benefit is provided in respect of employment, ask yourself whether you would have provided the benefit if the person had not been an employee. When we refer to ‘you’ in this Guide, we are referring to you as an employer.

To simplify the explanations in this Guide, we generally discuss examples where the fringe benefit is provided directly by an employer to an employee. However, a fringe benefit may be provided by an associate of the employer or under an arrangement between a third party and the employer. It may also be provided to an associate of the employee (for example, a relative).

The following checklist will help you work out if you are already providing a fringe benefit to your employees. If any of the following apply, you may have an FBT liability.

• Do you hold any cars or other vehicles that are available to employees for their private use, including a car garaged at the employees’ place of residence?
• Do you provide loans at reduced interest rates to employees?
• Have you released an employee from a debt?
• Have you paid for, or reimbursed, an employee’s non-business expense?
• Do you provide a house or other accommodation to your employees?
• Do you provide employees with living-away-from-home allowances?
• Do you provide entertainment including food, drink or recreation to your employees?
• Do any of your employees have a salary package arrangement in place?
• Have you provided your employees with goods at a lower price than they are normally sold to the public?

Fringe benefits have been categorised into 13 different types so that specific valuation rules can be used. These benefits are dealt with separately in their respective chapters in this Guide.

A number of benefits are exempt from FBT. These include certain benefits provided by religious institutions and benefits provided by some international organisations and public benevolent institutions. In addition, there are some specific types of benefits that are exempt from FBT.

There are also a range of concessions available. Some of these concessions reduce the taxable value of a fringe benefit to nil, whereas others provide only a partial reduction. The concessions relevant to each type of benefit are listed in the respective chapters of this guide.